Excel Function: SORT
The Excel function SORT sorts the contents of a range of cells or a table and returns a sorted table based on the defined parameters (or by default).
Usage:
=SORT(array)
or
=SORT(array, sort_index, sort_order, by_column)
Default Sorting
In this example, the goal is to sort the table based on the country name:

Select the SORT function and simply enter the cell range of the table to perform the default sort (ascending sort based on the first column of the table):
=SORT(A2:B8)

Sorting Based on Another Column
To sort the table based on the points (thus based on the second column), enter 2 as the second argument:
=SORT(A2:B8,2)

Sorting in Descending Order
To achieve a descending sort this time, enter -1 as the third argument:
=SORT(A2:B8,2,-1)

Sorting by Column
The last optional argument allows for sorting by column (instead of sorting by row) by entering the value 1 (or TRUE):
=SORT(B1:H2,2,-1,1)

If needed, you can download the Excel file used here: sort.xlsx
For more advanced sorts, without necessarily returning the sorting data (here, points), use the SORTBY function.
Note: this function is only available with Office 365.